Intshayelelo: I-injection molding yinkqubo ephambili kwizinto zokupakisha zokuthambisa.Inkqubo yokuqala idla ngokubumba isitofu, esimisela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wemveliso kunye nemveliso.Ukusetwa kwenkqubo yokubumba inaliti kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo izinto ezisi-7 ezinje ngokuncipha, ulwelo, icrystallinity, iiplastiki ezingevani nobushushu kunye neeplastiki ezifakwe emanzini ngokulula, ukuqhekeka koxinzelelo kunye nokwaphuka okunyibilikayo, ukusebenza kwe-thermal kunye nezinga lokupholisa, kunye nokufunxa ukufuma.Eli nqaku libhalwe nguiphakheji ye-shanghai rainbow.Yabelana ngomxholo ofanelekileyo wezi zinto zisi-7, kwireferensi yabahlobo bakho kwikhonkco lokubonelela le-Youpin:
Isitofu sokubumba
Isitofu sokubumba, okwakwaziwa ngokuba sisitofu sokubumba, yindlela yokubumba edibanisa inaliti kunye nokubumba.Izibonelelo zendlela yokubumba inaliti kukukhawuleza kwemveliso, ukusebenza kakuhle, ukusebenza kunokwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo, imibala eyahlukeneyo, iimilo zinokusuka ngokulula ziye kubunzima, ubungakanani bunokusuka bukhulu ukuya kwencinci, kwaye ubungakanani bemveliso buchanekile, imveliso. kulula ukuyihlaziya, kwaye inokwenziwa ibeyimilo entsonkothileyo.Amacandelo kunye nesitofu sokubumba zifanelekile kwimveliso yobuninzi kunye neendawo zokubunjwa zokubumba ezifana neemveliso ezinemilo enzima.Kwiqondo lokushisa elithile, izinto zeplastiki ezinyibilike ngokupheleleyo zixutywe yi-screw, ifakwe kwi-mold cavity kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, kwaye ipholile kwaye iqiniswe ukuze ifumane imveliso ebunjiweyo.Le ndlela ifanelekile kwimveliso yobuninzi beengxenye ezinemilo enzima kwaye yenye yeendlela ezibalulekileyo zokucubungula.
01
Ukuncipha
Izinto ezichaphazela ukucutheka kokubumba kwe-thermoplastic zezi zilandelayo:
1) Iindidi zePlasitiki: Ngexesha lenkqubo yokubumba iiplastiki ze-thermoplastic, kusekho utshintsho lwevolumu olubangelwa yikristale, uxinzelelo olunamandla lwangaphakathi, uxinzelelo olukhulu olushiyekileyo olukhenkcezisiweyo kwiindawo zeplastiki, i-molecular orientation eyomeleleyo kunye nezinye izinto, ngoko xa kuthelekiswa neeplastiki ze-thermoset, ukushwabana. izinga likhulu, uluhlu lokucutheka lubanzi, kwaye ulwalathiso luyabonakala.Ukongeza, ukucutheka emva kokubunjwa, ukufakwa kwi-annealing okanye ukufuma kwemeko ngokuqhelekileyo kukhulu kunoko kweplastiki ye-thermosetting.
2) Iimpawu zenxalenye yeplastiki.Xa into etyhidiweyo idibane nomphezulu womqolo, umaleko wangaphandle upholiswa ngoko nangoko ukwenza iqokobhe eliqinileyo elinoxinaniso olusezantsi.Ngenxa yokungahambi kakuhle kwe-thermal yeplastiki, umaleko wangaphakathi wenxalenye yeplastiki upholiswa kancinane ukwenza umaleko oqinileyo oxineneyo kunye nokuncipha okukhulu.Ke ngoko, ubukhulu bodonga, ukupholisa okucothayo, kunye nobungqingqwa bengqimba ephezulu buya kuncipha ngakumbi.
Ukongezelela, ubukho okanye ukungabikho kokufakwa kunye nokuhlelwa kunye nobuninzi bokufakwa kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo isalathiso sokuhamba kwezinto, ukusabalalisa ubuninzi kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe-shrinkage.Ngoko ke, iimpawu zamacandelo eplastiki zinempembelelo enkulu kwi-shrinkage kunye nolwalathiso.
I-3) Izinto ezifana nefom, ubungakanani, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-inlet feed ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ulwalathiso lokuhamba kwezinto, ukusabalalisa ubuninzi, ukugcinwa koxinzelelo kunye nokunciphisa umphumo kunye nexesha lokubumba.Amazibuko okutya okuthe ngqo kunye namazibuko esondlo anamacandelwana amakhulu (ingakumbi angqindilili anqamlezileyo) anokuncipha kancinci kodwa ukuqondisa okukhulu, kunye namazibuko okutya amafutshane anobubanzi obufutshane kunye nobude anolawulo oluncinci.Abo basondele kwi-inlet feed okanye ngokuhambelana nolwalathiso lokuhamba kwezinto eziphathekayo baya kuncipha ngakumbi.
I-4) Iimeko zokubumba Ubushushu bokubumba buphezulu, izinto ezityhidiweyo zipholile ngokukhawuleza, ukuxinwa kuphezulu, kwaye i-shrinkage inkulu.Ngokukodwa kwi-crystalline material, i-shrinkage inkulu ngenxa ye-crystallinity ephezulu kunye nokutshintsha kwevolumu enkulu.Ukuhanjiswa kobushushu bokubumba kukwanxulumene nokupholisa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kunye nokuxinana kwenxalenye yeplastiki, echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubungakanani kunye nolwalathiso lokucutheka kwenxalenye nganye.
Ukongezelela, ukubamba uxinzelelo kunye nexesha nako kunempembelelo enkulu kwi-contraction, kwaye i-contraction incinci kodwa i-directionality inkulu xa uxinzelelo luphezulu kwaye ixesha lide.Uxinzelelo lwenaliti luphezulu, umahluko wokunyibilika kwe-viscosity mncinci, uxinzelelo lwe-shear ye-interlayer luncinci, kunye ne-elastic rebound emva kokudilizwa kukhulu, ngoko ke ukushwabana kunokuncitshiswa ngexabiso elifanelekileyo.Ubushushu bezinto eziphathekayo buphezulu, i-shrinkage inkulu, kodwa isikhokelo sincinci.Ke ngoko, ukulungelelanisa ubushushu bokubumba, uxinzelelo, isantya sokutofa kunye nexesha lokupholisa ngexesha lokubumba kunokutshintsha ngokufanelekileyo ukuncipha kwenxalenye yeplastiki.
Xa uyila ukungunda, ngokoluhlu lwe-shrinkage yeeplastiki ezahlukeneyo, ubukhulu bodonga kunye nokumila kwenxalenye yeplastiki, ubungakanani kunye nokusabalalisa ifom yokungena, izinga lokucutheka kwenxalenye nganye yeplastiki inqunywe ngokuhambelana namava, kunye emva koko ubungakanani bombhobho bubalwa.
Kwiindawo zeplastiki ezichaneke kakhulu kwaye xa kunzima ukubamba isantya sokucutheka, ezi ndlela zilandelayo kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi ukuyila ukubumba:
Thatha isantya esincinci sokuncipha kwidayamitha yangaphandle yenxalenye yeplastiki, kunye nesantya esikhulu sokuncipha kwidayamitha yangaphakathi, ukuze ushiye indawo yokulungiswa emva kokubumba kovavanyo.
Iimolds zovavanyo zimisela ifom, ubungakanani kunye neemeko zokubumba zenkqubo yokungena.
Amalungu eplastiki aza kucutshungulwa axhomekeke kwisithuba sokusetyenzwa (post-processing) ukuze kugqitywe utshintsho lobungakanani (umlinganiselo mawube ziiyure ezingama-24 emva kokudilizwa).
Lungisa umngundo ngokokwenyani ukushwabana.
Phinda uzame ukubumba kwaye utshintshe ngokufanelekileyo iimeko zenkqubo ukuguqula kancinane ixabiso le-shrinkage ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zenxalenye yeplastiki.
02
ubumanzi
I-1) I-fluidity ye-thermoplastics ingahlalutywa ngokubanzi kuluhlu lwezalathisi ezifana ne-molecular weight, i-melt index, i-Archimedes spiral flow length, i-viscosity ebonakalayo kunye ne-flow ratio (ubude benkqubo / inxalenye yeplastiki ubukhulu bodonga).
Ubunzima bemolekyuli encinci, ukusabalalisa ubunzima bemolekyuli, ukungahambi kakuhle kwemolekyuli, isalathiso esinyibilikayo esiphakamileyo, ubude bokuqukuqela okude, i-viscosity ebonakalayo ephantsi, umlinganiselo wokuhamba okuphezulu, ulwelo olulungileyo, iiplastiki ezinegama elifanayo lemveliso kufuneka zijonge imiyalelo yazo ukuze zibone ukuba ulwelo luyinyani. esebenzayo Ukubumba inaliti.
Ngokweemfuno zoyilo lokungunda, ukumanzi kweeplastiki ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kunokwahlulwa ngokweendidi ezintathu:
I-fluidity enhle i-PA, i-PE, i-PS, i-PP, i-CA, i-poly (4) i-methylpentene;
Medium fluidity Polystyrene series resin (ezifana ABS, AS), PMMA, POM, polyphenylene ether;
I-PC ye-fluidity embi, i-PVC eqinile, i-polyphenylene ether, i-polysulfone, i-polyarylsulfone, i-fluoroplastics.
2) Ubuninzi beeplastiki ezahlukeneyo zitshintsha ngenxa yezinto ezahlukeneyo zokubumba.Imiba ephambili enempembelelo zezi zilandelayo:
①Ubushushu bezinto eziphakamileyo bonyusa ubumanzi, kodwa iiplastiki ezahlukeneyo zineyantlukwano yazo, njengePS (ingakumbi ezo zinefuthe eliphezulu lokuchasa kunye nexabiso eliphezulu leMFR), PP, PA, PMMA, polystyrene elungisiweyo (efana ne-ABS, AS) , i-CA kunye nezinye iiplastiki zihluka kakhulu ngeqondo lokushisa.Kwi-PE kunye ne-POM, ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa okanye ukuncipha kunempembelelo encinci kumanzi abo.Ke ngoko, owokuqala kufuneka ahlengahlengise ubushushu ngexesha lokubumba ukuze kulawuleke ubumanzi.
②Xa uxinzelelo lokubunjwa kwenaliti lunyukile, izinto ezityhidiweyo ziphantsi kwempembelelo enkulu yokucheba, kwaye ubuninzi be-fluidity buyanda, ngakumbi i-PE kunye ne-POM zinovakalelo ngakumbi, ngoko ke uxinzelelo lwenaliti kufuneka luhlengahlengiswe ukulawula umbane ngexesha lokubumba.
③Ifomu, ubungakanani, uyilo, uyilo lwenkqubo yokupholisa yesakhiwo sokubumba, ukuchasana kokuhamba kwezinto ezityhidiweyo (ezifana nokugqitywa komphezulu, ubukhulu becandelo lomjelo, ukumila komgodi, inkqubo yokukhupha) kunye nezinye izinto ngokuthe ngqo. kuchaphazela izinto ezityhidiweyo kwi-cavity I-fluidity yangempela ngaphakathi, ukuba izinto ezityhidiweyo zikhuthazwa ukuba zinciphise ubushushu kunye nokwandisa ukunyanzeliswa kwe-fluidity, i-fluidity iya kuncipha.Xa uqulunqa isikhunta, isakhiwo esifanelekileyo kufuneka sikhethwe ngokuhambelana ne-fluidity yeplastiki esetyenzisiweyo.
Ngexesha lokubunjwa, ubushushu bezinto eziphathekayo, ukushisa kwe-mold, i-injection ye-injection, isantya se-injection kunye nezinye izinto zinokulawulwa ukulungelelanisa ngokufanelekileyo imeko yokuzalisa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokubumba.
03
Ubukhazikhazi
I-Thermoplastics inokwahlulwa kwiiplastiki zekristali kunye ne-non-crystalline (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-amorphous) iiplastiki ngokungenazo i-crystallization ngexesha lokudibanisa.
Into ebizwa ngokuba yi-crystallization phenomenon ibhekisela kwinto yokuba xa iplastiki iguquka ukusuka kwimo etyhidiweyo ukuya kwi-condensation state, iamolekyu zihamba ngokuzimeleyo kwaye ziphelele kwimeko ephazamisekileyo.Iimolekyuli ziyeka ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo, cinezela indawo emileyo kancinane, kwaye ibe notyekelo lokwenza ilungiselelo lemolekyuli libe yimodeli eqhelekileyo.Lo mcimbi.
Iikhrayitheriya zokubonakala zokugweba ezi ntlobo zimbini zeeplastiki zinokumiselwa ngokungafihliyo kweendawo zeplastiki ezinodonga olungqingqwa.Ngokuqhelekileyo, izinto ze-crystalline zi-opaque okanye ziguquguqukayo (ezifana ne-POM, njl.), kunye nezixhobo ze-amorphous ziyabonakala (ezifana ne-PMMA, njl.).Kodwa kukho iimeko ezahlukeneyo.Umzekelo, i-poly(4) i-methylpentene yiplastiki eyikristale kodwa inokucaca okuphezulu, kwaye i-ABS yimathiriyeli e-amorphous kodwa ayibonakali.
Xa uyila ukubumba kunye nokukhetha oomatshini bokubumba inaliti, nikela ingqalelo kwezi mfuno zilandelayo kunye nezilumkiso zeeplastiki zekristale:
Ubushushu obufunekayo ukuphakamisa ubushushu bezinto eziphathekayo kwiqondo lokushisa lokubumba kufuna ubushushu obuninzi, kunye nezixhobo ezinomthamo omkhulu weplastiki.
Ubushushu obukhulu bukhutshwa ngexesha lokupholisa nokuguqulwa kwakhona, ngoko ke kufuneka lupholiswe ngokwaneleyo.
Umahluko othile womxhuzulane phakathi kobume obutyhidiweyo kunye nemeko eqinileyo inkulu, i-shrinkage yokubumba inkulu, kwaye i-shrinkage kunye ne-pores zivame ukwenzeka.
Ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza, i-crystallinity ephantsi, i-shrinkage encinci kunye nokubonakala okuphezulu.I-crystallinity ihambelana nobukhulu bodonga lwenxalenye yeplastiki, kwaye ubukhulu bodonga bucotha ukupholisa, i-crystallinity iphezulu, i-shrinkage inkulu, kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo zilungile.Ke ngoko, ubushushu bomngundo wezinto zekristale kufuneka ilawulwe njengoko kufuneka.
I-anisotropy ibalulekile kwaye uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lukhulu.Iimolekyuli ezingacaciswanga emva kokudilizwa zinotyekelo lokuqhubeka nokuqaqamba, zikwimeko yokungalingani kwamandla, kwaye zithambekele ekuguqukeni nasekulweni.
Uluhlu lwe-crystallization lokushisa luncinci, kwaye kulula ukubangela ukuba izinto ezinganyibilikiyo zifakwe kwi-mold okanye ukuvimba i-port feed.
04
Iiplastiki ezingevani nobushushu kunye neeplastiki ezenziwe nge-hydrolyzed ngokulula
1) Ubushushu bobushushu buthetha ukuba ezinye iiplastiki zinovelwano ngakumbi kubushushu.Baya kutshisa ixesha elide kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu okanye icandelo lokuvula ukutya lincinci.Xa isiphumo sokucheba sisikhulu, ubushushu bezinto eziphathekayo buya kunyuka lula ukubangela ukuguquka kwebala, ukuthotywa kunye nokubola.Uphawu lweplastiki lubizwa ngokuba yiplastiki engavani nobushushu.
Ezifana ne-PVC enzima, i-polyvinylidene chloride, i-vinyl acetate copolymer, i-POM, i-polychlorotrifluoroethylene, njl. Iiplastiki ezinobushushu obunobushushu zivelisa i-monomers, i-gases, i-solids kunye nezinye i-products ngexesha lokubola.Ngokukodwa, ezinye iigesi zokubola zinefuthe elicaphukisayo, elonakalisayo okanye elinetyhefu emzimbeni womntu, izixhobo kunye nokubumba.
Ke ngoko, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kuyilo lokubumba, ukukhetha umatshini wokubumba inaliti kunye nokubumba.Kufuneka kusetyenziswe umatshini wokubumba isikrufu.Icandelo lenkqubo yokugalela kufuneka libe likhulu.Umngundo kunye nebhere kufuneka ifakwe nge-chrome-plated.Yongeza isizinzi ukwenza buthathaka uvakalelo lwaso lobushushu.
2) Nangona ezinye iiplastiki (ezifana nePC) ziqulethe inani elincinci lamanzi, ziya kubola phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu.Le propati ibizwa ngokuba yi-hydrolysis elula, ekufuneka ishushu kwaye yomiswe kwangaphambili.
05
Ukuqhekeka koxinzelelo kunye nokunyibilika kweqhekeza
1) Ezinye iiplastiki zinovelwano kuxinzelelo.Ziyakwazi ukunyamezela uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi ngexesha lokubumba kwaye zi-brittle kwaye kulula ukuziqhekeza.Iingxenye zeplastiki ziya kuqhekeka phantsi kwesenzo samandla angaphandle okanye i-solvent.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ngaphezu kokongeza izongezo kwizinto ezisetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukuchasana nokuqhekeka, ingqwalasela kufuneka ihlawulwe ekomiseni izinto eziluhlaza, kwaye iimeko zokubumba kufuneka zikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kunye nokwandisa ukuchasana nokuqhekeka.Kwaye kufuneka ukhethe imilo efanelekileyo yeengxenye zeplastiki, akufanelekanga ukufakela ukufakwa kunye namanye amanyathelo okunciphisa uxinzelelo loxinzelelo.
Xa uyila i-mold, i-angle yokumisa kufuneka inyuswe, kwaye i-feed inlet enengqiqo kunye ne-ejection mechanism kufuneka ikhethwe.Ubushushu bezinto eziphathekayo, ubushushu bokubumba, uxinzelelo lwenaliti kunye nexesha lokupholisa kufuneka luhlengahlengiswe ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha lokubumba, kwaye uzame ukunqanda ukudiliza xa inxalenye yeplastiki ibanda kakhulu kwaye i-brittle, emva kokubunjwa, iindawo zeplastiki kufuneka zithotyelwe emva konyango ukuze kuphuculwe. ukumelana nokuqhekeka, ukuphelisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kwaye uthintele ukudibanisa ne-solvents.
2) Xa i-polymer inyibilika ngeqondo elithile lokunyibilika lidlula kumngxuma we-nozzle kwiqondo lobushushu elingaguqukiyo kwaye isantya sokuhamba kwayo sidlula ixabiso elithile, iintanda ezicacileyo ezisecaleni kumphezulu wokunyibilika zibizwa ngokuba yi-melt fracture, eya kuwonakalisa imbonakalo kwaye iimpawu ezibonakalayo zenxalenye yeplastiki.Ke ngoko, xa ukhetha iipolima ezinesantya esiphezulu sokunyibilika, icandelo elinqamlezayo lombhobho, imbaleki, kunye nokuvulwa kwefidi kufuneka kwandiswe ukunciphisa isantya sokutofa kunye nokunyusa ubushushu bezinto eziphathekayo.
06
Ukusebenza kwe-Thermal kunye nesantya sokupholisa
I-1) Iiplastiki ezahlukeneyo zineepropati ezahlukeneyo zokushisa ezifana nobushushu obuthile, ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal, kunye nobushushu bokushisa.Ukufakwa kweplastiki ngobushushu obuthile obuphezulu kufuna ubushushu obukhulu, kwaye kufuneka kusetyenziswe umatshini wokubumba inaliti enomthamo omkhulu weplastiki.Ixesha lokupholisa leplastiki kunye nobushushu obuphezulu bokushisa ubushushu bunokuba mfutshane kwaye ukuchithwa kusekuqaleni, kodwa ukuguqulwa kokupholisa kufuneka kuthintelwe emva kokudilizwa.
Iiplastiki ezine-conductivity ephantsi ye-thermal zinezinga lokupholisa elicothayo (njengee-polymers ze-ionic, njl.), ngoko ke kufuneka zipholiswe ngokwaneleyo ukuze kuphuculwe umphumo wokupholisa we-mold.Iimbumba zembaleki ezishushu zifanelekile kwiiplastiki ezinobushushu obuthile obuphantsi kunye ne-thermal conductivity ephezulu.Iiplastiki ezinobushushu obuthile obukhulu, ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal ephantsi, ubushushu obuphantsi be-thermal deformation, kunye nesantya sokupholisa esicothayo akuncedi ukubumba ngesantya esiphezulu.Kufuneka kukhethwe oomatshini bokubumba obufanelekileyo bokubumba kunye nokupholisa ukungunda okuphuculweyo.
2) Iiplastiki ezahlukeneyo ziyafuneka ukugcina isantya sokupholisa esifanelekileyo ngokweentlobo zazo, iimpawu kunye neemilo zamalungu eplastiki.Ke ngoko, isikhunta kufuneka sixhotyiswe ngokufudumeza kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa ngokweemfuno zokubumba ukugcina ubushushu obuthile bokubumba.Xa ubushushu bezinto eziphathekayo bunyusa ubushushu bokubumba, kufuneka bupholiswe ukuze kuthintelwe inxalenye yeplastiki ukuba ingaguquki emva kokuguqulwa, unciphise umjikelo wokubumba, kwaye unciphise i-crystallinity.
Xa inkunkuma yeplastiki ubushushu akwanelanga ukugcina ngundo kwiqondo lobushushu elithile, ngundo kufuneka ixhotyiswe inkqubo yokufudumeza ukugcina ngundo kwiqondo elithile lobushushu ukulawula izinga lokupholisa, ukuqinisekisa fluidity, ukuphucula iimeko zokuzalisa okanye ukulawula iplastiki. iindawo aphole kancinane.Thintela ukupholisa okungalinganiyo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweendawo zeplastiki ezinodonga olungqingqwa kwaye wandise ubukhazikhazi.
Kulabo abane-fluidity elungileyo, indawo enkulu yokubumba, kunye nobushushu obungalinganiyo bezinto eziphathekayo, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokubumba iindawo zeplastiki, ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka zifudunyezwe okanye zipholile ngokutshintshana okanye zifudunyezwe kwaye zipholile.Kule njongo, isikhunta kufuneka sixhotyiswe ngokupholisa okuhambelanayo okanye inkqubo yokufudumala.
07
I-Hygroscopicity
Ngenxa yokuba kukho izongezo ezahlukeneyo kwiiplastiki, ezibenza babe nemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yokuhambelana nokufuma, iiplastiki zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: ukufunxa ukufuma, ukuncamathelisa ukufuma, kunye nokungafunxi kunye nokufuma okungagungqiyo.Umxholo wamanzi kwizinto eziphathekayo kufuneka ulawulwe ngaphakathi koluhlu oluvumelekileyo.Ngaphandle koko, ukufuma kuya kuba yigesi okanye i-hydrolyze phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, oluya kubangela ukuba i-resin ibe namagwebu, inciphise ukumanzi, kwaye ibe nenkangeleko engafanelekanga kunye neempawu zoomatshini.
Ke ngoko, iiplastiki ze-hygroscopic kufuneka zifudunyezwe ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo zokufudumeza kunye neenkcukacha njengoko zifuneka ukuthintela ukufunxwa kwakhona komswakama ngexesha lokusetyenziswa.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-27-2021