Izinto zokupakisha zokuthambisa ubukhulu becala ziyiplastiki, iglasi kunye nephepha. Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, ukusetyenzwa kunye nokugcinwa kweeplastiki, ngenxa yezinto ezahlukeneyo zangaphandle ezifana nokukhanya, ioksijini, ubushushu, i-radiation, ivumba, imvula, isikhunta, iibhaktheriya, njl. iimpawu zoqobo ezigqwesileyo. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba kukuguga. Izibonakaliso eziphambili zokuguga kweplastiki ziguquguqukayo, utshintsho kwiimpawu ezibonakalayo, utshintsho kwiimpawu zomatshini kunye nokutshintsha kwezinto zombane.
1. Imvelaphi yokuguga kweplastiki
Kubomi bethu, ezinye iimveliso zibonakaliswe ekukhanyeni, kunye nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ekukhanyeni kwelanga, kunye nobushushu obuphezulu, imvula kunye nombethe, kuya kubangela ukuba imveliso ibe neziganeko zokuguga ezifana nokulahlekelwa kwamandla, ukuqhekeka, ukuxobula, ukubola, ukubola, kunye umgubo. Ukukhanya kwelanga kunye nokufuma zezona zinto zibangela ukuguga kwezinto. Ukukhanya kwelanga kunokubangela ukuba izinto ezininzi zithotywe, nto leyo ehambelana novakalelo kunye ne-spectrum yezinto. Isixhobo ngasinye siphendula ngokwahlukileyo kwi-spectrum.
Izinto eziqhelekileyo zokuguga kwiiplastiki kwindawo yendalo zibushushu kunye nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, kuba indawo apho izinto zeplastiki zibonakaliswe kakhulu kubushushu kunye nokukhanya kwelanga (ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet). Ukufunda ukuguga kweeplastiki ezibangelwa zezi ntlobo zimbini zokusingqongileyo kubaluleke kakhulu kwindawo yokusetyenziswa. Uvavanyo lwayo lokuguga lunokwahlulwa ngokweendidi ezimbini: ukuba sesichengeni sangaphandle kunye novavanyo lokuguga olukhawulezileyo elabhoratri.
Ngaphambi kokuba imveliso isetyenziswe kwizinga elikhulu, uvavanyo lokuguga olulula kufuneka lwenziwe ukuvavanya ukuxhathisa ukuguga. Nangona kunjalo, ukuguga kwendalo kunokuthatha iminyaka eliqela okanye nangaphezulu ukubona iziphumo, nto leyo ngokucacileyo ayihambelani nemveliso yokwenyani. Ngaphezu koko, iimeko zemozulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zahlukile. Izinto ezifanayo zovavanyo kufuneka zivavanywe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu iindleko zovavanyo.
2. Uvavanyo lokubonisa ngaphandle
Ukuba sesichengeni esithe ngqo sangaphandle kubhekiselele ekuchanabekeni ngokuthe ngqo kukukhanya kwelanga nezinye iimeko zemozulu. Yeyona ndlela ichanekileyo yokuvavanya ukuchasana kwemozulu yezinto zeplastiki.
Izinto eziluncedo:
Iindleko eziphantsi
Ukuhambelana kakuhle
Elula kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa
Izinto ezingeloncedo:
Ngokuqhelekileyo umjikelo omde kakhulu
Ukwahluka kwemozulu yehlabathi
Iisampulu ezahlukeneyo zinovakalelo olwahlukileyo kwiimozulu ezahlukeneyo
3. Indlela yokuvavanya ukwaluphala kwilabhoratri ekhawulezileyo
Uvavanyo lokuguga olukhanyayo lweLabhoratri alukwazi nje ukwenza mfutshane umjikelo, kodwa lunokuphindaphindwa okuhle kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwesicelo. Igqityezelwa elabhoratri kuyo yonke le nkqubo, ngaphandle kokuqwalasela izithintelo zejografi, kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye inolawulo oluluqilima. Ukulinganisa indawo yokukhanya yokwenyani kunye nokusebenzisa iindlela zokuguga ezikhawulezayo zokwenziwa kunokufikelela injongo yokuvavanya ngokukhawuleza ukusebenza kwezinto. Ezona ndlela zisetyenziswayo luvavanyo lokuguga kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, uvavanyo lokuguga kwesibane se-xenon kunye nokuguga kokukhanya kwe-carbon arc.
1. Xenon ukukhanya ukuguga indlela yovavanyo
Uvavanyo lokuguga kwesibane seXenon luvavanyo olulinganisa ukukhanya okugcweleyo kwelanga. Uvavanyo lokuguga lwesibane lwe-Xenon lunokulinganisa imozulu yendalo eyenziweyo ngexesha elifutshane. Kuyindlela ebalulekileyo yokuhlola iifomula kunye nokwandisa ukwakhiwa kwemveliso kwinkqubo yophando lwezenzululwazi kunye nemveliso, kwaye ikwayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuhlolwa komgangatho wemveliso.
Idatha yovavanyo lokwaluphala kwesibane seXenon inokunceda ukukhetha izinto ezintsha, ukuguqula izinto ezikhoyo, kunye nokuvavanya ukuba utshintsho kwiifomula kukuchaphazela njani ukuqina kweemveliso.
Umgaqo osisiseko: Igumbi lovavanyo lwesibane se-xenon lisebenzisa izibane ze-xenon ukulinganisa iziphumo zokukhanya kwelanga, kwaye lisebenzisa ukufuma okujiyileyo ukulinganisa imvula nombethe. Izinto ezivavanyiweyo zibekwe kumjikelo wokutshintsha kokukhanya kunye nokufuma kwiqondo lobushushu elithile ukuze kuvavanywe, kwaye zinokuphinda zivelise iingozi ezenzeka ngaphandle iinyanga okanye iminyaka ngeentsuku okanye iiveki ezimbalwa.
Uvavanyo lwesicelo:
Inokubonelela ngokulinganisa okusingqongileyo okuhambelanayo kunye novavanyo olukhawulezileyo lophando lwezenzululwazi, uphuhliso lwemveliso kunye nolawulo lomgangatho.
Ingasetyenziselwa ukukhethwa kwezinto ezintsha, ukuphuculwa kwezinto ezikhoyo okanye ukuvavanywa kokuqina emva kokutshintshwa kwezinto eziphathekayo.
Iyakwazi ukulinganisa kakuhle utshintsho olubangelwa zizinto ezivezwe ekukhanyeni kwelanga phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo.
2. Indlela yokuvavanya ukuguga kwe-UV fluorescent ukukhanya
Uvavanyo lokuguga lwe-UV ikakhulu lulinganisa isiphumo sokuthotywa kokukhanya kwe-UV ekukhanyeni kwelanga kwimveliso. Kwangaxeshanye, inokuphinda ivelise umonakalo owenziwe yimvula nombethe. Uvavanyo lwenziwa ngokubhenca izinto eziza kuvavanywa kumjikelo osebenzayo olawulwayo wokukhanya kwelanga kunye nokufuma ngelixa unyusa ubushushu. Izibane ze-Ultraviolet fluorescent zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukukhanya kwelanga, kwaye impembelelo yokufuma inokulinganiswa ngokujiya okanye ukutshiza.
Isibane se-UV se-fluorescent sisibane se-mercury esinoxinzelelo oluphantsi kunye nobude be-254nm. Ngenxa yokongezwa kokuhlalisana kwe-phosphorus ukuyiguqula ibe yi-wavelength emide, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kwesibane se-UV esine-fluorescent sixhomekeke kwi-spectrum ephumayo eveliswa kukuhlalisana kwe-phosphorus kunye nokusasazwa kwetyhubhu yeglasi. Izibane zeFluorescent zihlala zohlulwa zibe yi-UVA kunye ne-UVB. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphathekayo kugqiba ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwesibane se-UV ekufuneka sisetyenziswe.
3. Isibane seCarbon arc sikhanyisa indlela yokuvavanya ukuguga
Isibane seCarbon arc yitekhnoloji endala. Isixhobo seCarbon arc ekuqaleni sasisetyenziswa ziikhemisti zedayi zokwenziwa zaseJamani ukuvavanya ukukhawuleza kokukhanya kwelaphu elidayiweyo. Izibane ze-Carbon arc zohlulwe zibe zizibane ezivaliweyo nezivulekileyo ze-carbon arc. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lwesibane se-carbon arc, i-spectrum yayo yahluke kakhulu kwi-spectrum yokukhanya kwelanga. Ngenxa yembali ende yale teknoloji yeprojekthi, iteknoloji yokuqala yokulinganisa ukukhanya yokulinganisa ukuguga yasebenzisa esi sixhobo, ngoko le ndlela inokubonwa kwimigangatho yangaphambili, ngakumbi kwimigangatho yokuqala yaseJapan, apho iteknoloji yesibane se-carbon arc yayisoloko isetyenziswa njengokukhanya okwenziweyo. indlela yokuvavanya ukwaluphala.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-20-2024